Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- blocks:server:tweaks [2019-06-13 12:19]
admin Offline chromium installation
+++ blocks:server:tweaks [2024-10-08 11:01] (current)
admin Change "orange suitcase"
@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 PIXILAB regularly revisits and improves the Linux server image, resulting in newer releases. The release is indicated by the date shown as part of the filename. However, for a running installation, it's not practical to re-image the server regularly. Instead, we provide important notes here on what you can do to keep up to date with the state of the art, keeping your server working as well as possible.
+This article describes how to update server images based on Ubuntu 18. If you're using server image version 200525 or later, based on Ubuntu 20, most of what's described below is already been taken care of. However, you may still want to update your operating system from time to time to keep up-to-date with security patches.
-===== Linux Operating System Updates =====
+:!: If you're using an older version of server, based on Ubuntu 16, released before 2019-05-28, first follow [[blocks:server:tweaks-ubuntu16|this guide]], then proceed as follows below.
+===== Operating System Updates =====
 System components are updated regularly. Most updates are not related to Blocks at all, and make no difference. But occasionally, there are security or performance improvements that may be worthwhile to incorporate.
-To update your server:
+  - Make sure the server has Internet access (test by opening the pre-installed web browser and going to a web address).
+  - Switch to the pixi-admin user (password is "pixi" if you haven't changed it).
+  - Click the gray A-in-a-circle icon in the toolbar on the left hand side titled "Software Updater".
+  - If it indicates that software updates are available, consider installing those.
+  - Restart the server to make sure the updates take effect.
-  - Make sure the server has Internet access (test by opening the pre-installed Firefox browser and going to a web address).
+===== Update Java =====
-  - Switch to the pixi-admin user.
-  - Click the orange "suitcase" icon in the toolbar on the left hand side, titled "Ubuntu Software".
-  - Select the "Updates" tab.
-  - If you see "OS updates", click the "Install" button next to it.
-{{ :blocks:server:tweaks:osupdates.png |}}
-Finally, restart the server to make the updates take effect.
-:!: While most updates are for the better (or at least neutral), they may occasionally cause problems. Make sure to test all important system functions after updating your server.
-===== Updating Blocks =====
-To update the Blocks program itself, follow the instructions given [[:blocks#updates|here]].
-===== Installing the Chromium Browser =====
-In preparation for Blocks 3, we're strongly recommending you install the Chromium browser (or Google Chrome if you prefer). In Blocks 3, Chromium (or Chrome) will be used to render previews, which solves a problem that in some cases could cause Blocks to crash under Linux.
-To install Chromium on your Linux-based Blocks server:
+Blocks 4.1 and later uses a newer version of Java. If your server currently has an older version of Blocks, you need to update Java to version 11 (see below for how to check what version is installed). If your server has internet access, proceed as follows (see below for an off-line alternative).
   - Switch to the pixi-admin user.
-  - Open a terminal window.
+  - Open a terminal window using the terminal icon on the left hand side.
-  - Install Chromium using the following commands:
+  - Copy and paste the following commands into the terminal window:
 <code>
-sudo apt install chromium-browser
+sudo apt-get update
-sudo apt install chromium-codecs-ffmpeg
+sudo apt-get install -y wget apt-transport-https
+sudo wget -O - https://packages.adoptium.net/artifactory/api/gpg/key/public | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/adoptium.asc
+sudo echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/adoptium.asc] https://packages.adoptium.net/artifactory/deb $(awk -F= '/^VERSION_CODENAME/{print$2}' /etc/os-release) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/adoptium.list
+sudo apt-get update
+sudo apt-get install -y temurin-11-jdk
 </code>
-:!: If you plan on using the browser installed on your server to edit content in Blocks, you need to install Google Chrome instead of Chromium. However, we don't recommend using the server for editing purposes.
+Enter the pixi-admin user's password when requested. Then switch to Java 11 using the following command:
-You can now remove Firefox, as Chrome/Chromium has been installed instead. While still running as the pixi-admin user, type the following into the terminal:
 <code>
-sudo apt-get remove --purge firefox
+sudo update-alternatives --config java
 </code>
-After finishing installing/uninstalling browsers, proceed as follows if you want to use Chromium as your default browser:
+When prompted, type the number corresponding to "temurin-11-jdk-amd64" in auto mode (likely number 0) and press return. If auto mode is not available, choose manual mode, then run the command again and auto mode should appear. Note that this command can be used to switch back to the older Java version if desired, without having to reinstall anything.
-  - Switch back to the pixi-server user.
+Finally, verify that Java 11 is now selected:
-  - Launch Chromium/Chrome by clicking the icon located in the top left hand corner of the desktop, type //chrom// and click the Chromium/Chrome icon.
-  - Once it appears in the launcher (dock) on the side, right-click the icon and chose "Lock to launcher".
-==== Installing Chromium Offline ====
+<code>
+java -version
+</code>
-If your Blocks server doesn't have an internet access, the above method won't work as it attempts to download the required packages while installing them. If this case, you can instead download the packages ahead of time and bring them along on a USB stick. Download the two required packages from here:
+The output should indicate "openjdk version 11.0.15" (where 11 is the important number, following digits may be different).
-https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/amd64/chromium-browser/download
+==== Offline Procedure ====
-https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/amd64/chromium-codecs-ffmpeg/download
-Store those two ".deb" files on a USB stick. Those packages can then be installed as follows:
+If your Linux-based Blocks server doesn't have Internet access, or you for some other reason can't use the online method, you can instead proceed as follows:
-  - Switch to the //pixi-admin// user.
+  - On a computer with internet access, open a web browser and go [[https://packages.adoptium.net/ui/native/deb/pool/main/t/temurin-11/|here]].
-  - Insert the USB stick.
+  - Doing so shows a list of files. If you receive an error message, the offline files may have been moved, in which case a google search for "temurin java 11" may help track them down.
-  - Open a Terminal window.
+  - Download the file named temurin-11-jdk_11.0.15.0.0+10_amd64.deb, or some later version if available.
-  - Type //sudo dpkg -i// followed by a space character.
+  - Move the downloaded deb file using a USB stick to your Blocks server.
-  - Drag the DEB file beginning with //chromium-codecs-ffmpeg// into the teminal window to obtain its path.
+  - On your Blocks server, log in as the pixi-admin user.
-  - Press Enter and then the //pixi-admin// user's password if requested.
+  - Open a terminal window and type the following command (but don't press Enter).
-  - Repeat from //sudo dpkg -i// above, but now chose the other ".deb" file beginning with //chromium-browser//.
-===== Updating the Start and Stop scripts =====
+<code>
+sudo apt install
+</code>
-The way the Blocks server is started and stopped has been enhanced a few times. This is done by two scripts located in the home folder of the "pixi-server" user. To update those files, do as follows:
+Make sure there's a space after the word install, then drag the file transferred using the USB stick into the terminal window, so its path appears at the end of the command (separated by a space). Now press Enter to execute the command, and type the password for the pixi-admin user. This installs the update from the deb file. You can now enable the newer java version using the sudo update-alternatives command shown above and finally verify that you have the correct version.
-  - Download {{ :blocks:server:tweaks:start-stop-scripts.tar |this TAR file}}.
+===== Updating Blocks =====
-  - Move the TAR file to your Linux Blocks server.
-  - Double click the TAR file on the Linux server.
-  - Select both files and drag them to the home folder of the pixi-server user.
-{{ :blocks:server:tweaks:startstopscripts.png?nolink |}}
+To update the Blocks program itself, follow the instructions given [[:blocks#updates|here]].
-:!: To use these scripts to start and stop the server, you must be running Blocks 2.3 or later.
-Once installed, you can start and stop Blocks in either of the following ways:
-  * By restarting the server, which always launches Blocks.
-  * Start using the PIXILAB Blocks icon in the task bar on the left hand side.
-  * Stop the server by clicking the Quit button in the Blocks window (not available if started from a non-GUI session – see below).
-  * Using the start.sh and stop.sh shell scripts from a terminal or SSH session.
-The advantage with the last option is that you can start/stop the server without using the GUI. This is often useful when accessing the server remotely, e.g. over a VPN connection or similar.
-:!: No Blocks window will appear on screen when started from a non-GUI session, such as over SSH. You can check whether the server is running by attempting to log in to it using a web browser. In this case, you must use the stop.sh script to terminate the server.
-===== Reducing the Wear on the SSD =====
-During normal operation of Blocks, most disk accesses will be READ operations used to serve media and other data to the display spots. However, due to the default behavior of most Unix-based operating systems, such accesses may still incur a write operation to update the "last accessed" timestamp associated with each file. While this is normal behavior for the operating system, it does incur additional wear on the SSD.
-Fortunately, this behavior can be turned off, thereby minimizing the wear on the SSD. To do so, log into your Blocks server as the pixi-server user, then click the icon in the top left hand corner, and type //disks//.
-{{ :blocks:server:tweaks:disks.jpg?nolink |}}
-Click the //Disks// icon, opening a window like the one shown below. Click the large center partition of the disk to select it. Then choose "Edit Mount Options…" on the cogwheel menu below the partitions.
-{{ :blocks:server:tweaks:editmountoptions.png?nolink |}}
-At the beginning of the "mount options" field, type
-<code>
-noatime,
-</code>
-:!: IMPORTANT: Note that there must be a comma separating the word //noatime// from the word //errors// that was already there.
-The result will look like this screenshot.
-{{ :blocks:server:tweaks:noatime.png?nolink |}}
-Click OK to save your changes, then restart the server to make your changes take effect.